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Timothy (Phleum)

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Timothy Genus Details

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Timothy (Phleum pratense) is a common forage crop and pasture grass in the U.S. It is native to Europe and northern Asia and grows well in cool humid regions of North America. Timothy is a short-lived perennial that grows 2 to 4 feet tall with flat leaves and a dense cylindrical, spike-like flower cluster or seed head. Flowering occurs during June and July. Pollen shed can be avoided by cutting the first hay crop early to prevent flowering. Early crops are smaller but have higher nutritional value for animals. The major allergenic component in timothy has been reported to cross-react with pollen types of other grass species. Allergens in these other grasses may be a more severe problem for some people. Fortunately, this grass has not become widely established in urban areas.

Timothy Allergy Info

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Phleum is among the worst of the grass genera that cause pollinosis in early summer. This grass has been reported to be only second to orchard grass (Dactylis) in allergenicity among grasses.

Timothy Pollen Description

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Grains are spheroidal to ovoidal, sometimes elliptical. The exine is thin and the surface is granular to finely reticuloid. Poaceae apertures are 1-porate, with the pores usually circular to ovoidal.
Grains are 22-122 micrometers in diameter.
Phleum pratense, single grain. Herb. MIN
Phleum pratense, single grain. Herb. MIN
Phleum pratense, multiple grains. Herb. MIN
Phleum pratense, multiple grains. Herb. MIN

Species in This Genus

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Allergenicity Legend:
Mild Allergen Mild Allergen  |  Moderate Allergen Moderate Allergen  |  Severe Allergen Severe Allergen  |  Allergy Test Allergy Test Available
Timothy (Phleum) is a genus of the POACEAE family.
This genus includes the following allergenic species:

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Timothy Genus Location

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The shaded areas on the map indicates where the genus has been observed in the United States. Click the map to see a full scale version of these allergy areas.
  - Native, observed in a county
  - Introduced, observed in a county
  - Rarely observed

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